WHAT IS COMPUTER OPERATING SYSTEM

Understanding Computer Operating system is a computer software or that is tasked to carry out the control and management of hardware and basic system operations, including the execution of software applications such as data processing programs that can be used to facilitate human activity. Operating System in English called the Operating System, or regular short OS.

Operating System software on your computer is the first layer that is placed on a computer memory (memory of the computer in this case there is the hard drive, not memory ram) when the computer is turned on. While other software is run after the computer operating system is running, and the OS will perform core public services for that software. Common core services such as access to the disk, memory management, task scheduling, and user interfaces. So that each software no longer have a common core tasks, because it can be served and performed by the operating system. Sections of code that perform core tasks and general named by an operating system kernel.

Operating Systems serves as a liaison between the hardware layer and the software layer. Than that, the computer operating system as well do all important commands in the computer, and ensure that different applications can run smoothly functions simultaneously without a hitch. Operating Systems Computers warrant application software others can use the memory, performs input and output to other equipment, and have access to the file system. If several applications are running simultaneously, then the Operating System Kompute r will arrange the exact schedule, so as much as possible all the processes running on the computer to get enough time to use the CPU and not to interfere with other devices.

Examples of such computer operating system is Windows, Linux, MacOS, and others. Below is the user interface operating system Windows 7, Linux (Ubuntu), and Mac OS X



 

Kind of - kind of Computer Operating Systems

In general, the Operating System is the software on the first layer is placed on the computer's memory when the computer is turned on. While other software is run after the operating system is running, and the OS will perform core public services for that software. Common core services such as access to the disk, memory management, task scheduling, and user interfaces. So that each software no longer have a common core tasks, because it can be served and performed by the operating system. Sections of code that perform core tasks and general called the "kernel" an Operating System.

Operating systems generally consist of several parts:

1.Mekanisme Boot, which puts the kernel into memory kernel, the kernel can be considered as the core of the operating system.

2.Command Interpreter or Shell, duty to read the input in the form of commands and provide some standard functions and basic functions that can be called by applications / programs maupub other software. Examples of Shell are: Command Prompt in Windows XP (DOS in Windows 98), XTerm and Konsole on Linux machine (Unix).

3.Driver to interact with the hardware as well as control the performance of hardware.

4.Resource Allocator. Operating System responsible for managing and allocating resources of the device.

5.Handler. Handler plays a role in controlling the system in order to avoid mistakes (errors) and use of resources unnecessarily.

Now we will consider the history and development of the Operating System.

According Tanebaum, Operating Systems has developed can be divided into four generations.

Early 1.Generasi

The early development of the Operating System is still done manually in a sense yet to emerge any Operating System that automatically means the service does not yet support the work that can be done in one series.

Both 2.Generasi

In this generation has been the introduction perkejaan to do in the first series or referred to Proccessing Batch System.

Third 3.Generasi

In the third generation, operating system already supports the Multi-User, Multi-Programming and Proccessing Batch System (Multi-Task).

Fourth 4.Generasi

At this time, it is permitted to GUI (Graphical User Interface), which means that the Operating System has a look and to capitalize mouse, End-Users can run applications / porgram or software.

Furthermore 5.Generasi

In the next generation operating system that was introduced in an Operating System, this is an example of an Operating System berbasikan Websites that work in an Operating System. And next-generation mobile operating system diperkenalkanlah (Mobile) on mobile devices such as PDAs, Pocket PCs, and so forth. In the next generation Operating System technology introduced also its virtual network, so the network is only installed in 1 1 piece OS on devices assigned to servers. In addition, it also introduced Cross Platform Operating System that is meant to combine two different Operating Systems such as Linux and Windows.

Today, almost all people have a PC and Mobile PC. Due to the price factor that is always changing and the human need for automated tools such as: PC, then man made the PC as a primary need. Along with the development of PC technology was made in quick order to serve as a mobile automation tool (Can be used anytime, anywhere and by anyone). Examples are moving PC: Laptop, Notebook and Netbook, the three devices also have operating system like a PC. And now it's time we discussed the existing operating system on your PC.

- WINDOWS (MICROSOFT WINDOWS)

Mircorost Windows or ordinary we are greeted with the title Windows Operating Systems developed by Microsoft Corporation that uses berbasikan interface with GUI (Graphical User Interface) or bergrafis interface.

Initially Windows started from Ms-Dos (Microsoft Disk Operating System) is a text-based operating system and Command-Line interpreter. The first version of Windows, Windows Graphic Environmnet 1.0 is a software that works on arsitekstur 16-Bit and is not an operating system and runs on MS-DOS, so to run it requires MS-DOS. MS-DOS was actually made by a computer manufacturer Seattle Computer Products, and then was recruited by Microsoft which then purchased the license.

Later evolved into the first version of Windows 1.0 Operating System in the world Operating System based GUI (Graphical User Interface) and supports Multi-Tasking or can manage numerous tasks simultaneously. After that developed Windows 1.0 to Windows 2.0, Windows 2.0-based GUI and supports the use of VGA (Video GraphicsArray) and also supports Multi-Tasking. Windows 2.0 also supports the use of Intel 80286 processor which Intel 80286 processor is the first processor with the ability to protect the memory area.

Then proceed with next-generation Windows 3.0 Windows 3.0 which has the same ability with previous Windows and added support SVGA or XGA graphics card and also a better icon. In that era, Microsoft also provides SDK (software development kit) so that software developers can develop applications / programs to be able to run on Windows 3.0 was. Windows 3.0 also introduced the Virtual Device Drivers (VXD) which can be useful to minimize dependence on any specific hardware drivers. Windows 3.0 and then evolved into Windows 3.1 that has been introduced with features True Type Fonts Multimedia and it is also easier due to End-User Drag and Drop and eventually Windows version 3 has grown to be already familiar with Operating System Networking (Windows 3.11).

Having finally grown long enough Operating System Microsoft introduced a hybrid 16-Bit/32-Bit known as Windows 95. Many of the changes from previous versions of Windows, namely Windows 95 has a GUI is more interesting and attractive, supports Plug and Play, supports long names, has several amenities such as: integrated browser and Windows Explorer to browse Windows. In addition, Windows 95 has the features to manage the power (APM) and also the introduction of Client-Server.

The next generation of Windows 95 is a Windows 98 Windows 98 which supports VGA AGP-based, and supports quick storage media such as USB, the introduction of NAT to share Internet connections and replaces Virtual Device Drivers with the Windows Driver Model. There are also some additional features such as Microsoft Office and Internet Explorer version 5. Windows 98 also has capabilities to play games and run multimedia applications.

Further development is Windows ME, nothing special other than the transition from Windows ME graphics support of 16-Bit to 32-Bit and Windows ME era many home users who use it. Windows ME was akhrinya replaced by Windows NT that supports arsitekstur x86 (80 × 86), Intel IA64 and AMD64 (x64) and 32-Bit graphics support. Windows NT was actually built from the development of the IBM OS / 2 and Windows NT are also widely used in computer networks. Windows NT File System NTFS also introduces better than FAT or FAT-32.

Further developing Windows NT to Windows 2000 many additional features including: Active Directory, Image Preview, Internet Explorer Browser v6, DirectX and Open GL, Plug and Play and Windows Driver Model better performance than before. After generations of Windows NT munculah Windows XP offers many changes, has many more features and performance mengingkat. You could say Windows XP is the best-selling Windows and loved by the users PC and mobile PC devices (Mobile). Along with the need for networking then Microsoft Operating Systems Corporation issued concentrate on networks: Windows Server 2003. You could say Windows Server 2003 is the reincarnation of Windows NT.

Lots of features offered in Windows Server 2003 is one of them is the introduction of the platform. Net. Introduced also feature a Domain Controller Server, PKI (Public Key Infrastructure) Server, Domain Name System (DNS), Dynamic Host Configuration Protocol (DHCP), Windows Internet Name Service (WINS), Microsoft IIS, and so forth. Microsoft also continue the development of the operating system with Windows Vista (Longhorn), this is a revolution of Windows XP. Windows Vista prefer the interface or interface graphics performance compared to the performance, evidenced by the features: AERO, Sidebar, and so forth.

Windows Vista also offers a better level of security compared to Windows XP, since Windows Vista introduced the Windows Firewall with Advanced Security, Windows Defender, Parental Control, User Account Control (UAC), BitLocker Drive Encryption, ASLR. Windows Vista has also been known IPv6, the latest version of DirectX, and arsitekstur 64-Bit. Further development is the transition from Windows Server 2003 to Windows Home Server as File Server intended for home. Windows Server also introduces several technologies, namely: Headless Operation (The server does not need a monitor or keyboard for memanjemen device), remote control, health monitoring computers, Sharing and Streaming.

The next generation is characterized by the emergence of merger Operating System Windows Vista with Windows Server, Windows Server 2008. Features of Windows Vista and Windows Server combined into a single coherent to improve the safety and comfort of End-User. Further developing Windows Server 2008 to Windows Server 2008 R2. The final version of Windows Operating System is made by Windows 7, Windows 7 was released to replace the lack of Windows XP and Windows Vista excess. Perhaps if Windows 7 is said to be a fusion of the Windows XP and Windows Vista, unlike Windows Vista, Windows 7 has better performance than Windows Vista.

- UNIX

UNIX is an operating system created by Ken Thompson and Dennis Ritchie, developed by AT & T Bell Labs. UNIX is designed as a portable Operating System, Multi-Tasking and Multi-User. UNIX Operating System more emphasis on Workstation and Server, Because of the high availability and compatibility causes UNIX can be used, copied and modified so that UNIX was developed by many people and caused a lot of variants of UNIX.

UNIX itself is written in C language that is similar to the DOS UNIX is Line / Text Command Based otherwise it was a UNIX Operating System secure than other operating system, because every file, directory, user and group has its own set of permissions to access. Because of the support for the GNU Project, we then developed into LINUX UNIX (One variant of UNIX).

- LINUX

Originally developed by Linus Torvalds, who was originally just a terminal emulation required to access the UNIX servers in the university. Linux is a clone of MINIX (One variant of UNIX), system equipment, and libraries usually come from the GNU Operating System. Linux has a lot of design that comes from the basic design of UNIX, Linux uses the Linux kernel Kernel Monilitik handling prosses control, networking, peripherals, and file system access. Just like UNIX, Linuxpun can be controlled by one or more command-line interface (Command Line Interface / CLI) text-based, graphical user interface (Graphical User Interface / GUI) which is the default configuration for dektop version.

On the computer desktop, GNOME, KDE and Xfce are the most popular user interface user interface among other variants. A Linux system provides a command line interface via a Shell (Console). The main difference between Linux and other Operating Systems Popular lies in the Linux kernel and its components are free and open. Just like on UNIX, Linux Workstation and Server concentrates on many workstations and servers that rely on Linux because Linux is very stable used for a long time and Linuxpun immune to malware.

One thing that differentiates Linux on other Operating Systems is the price. Price is mostly Linux Free although some are paid (License). Linux can be distributed without having to give royalty to someone. Linux is based on standard POSIX Operating Systems derived from UNIX itself. There are several types of Linux distributions, such as Debian, Lycoris, Xandros, Lindows, Linare, Linux-Mandrake, Red Hat Linux, Slackware, Knoppix, Fedora, Suse, Ubuntu.

- IBM OS / 2

Operating Systems IBM OS / 2 was made jointly by the International Bussiness Machines Corporation and Microsoft Corporation, for use on IBM computer instead of the DOS operating system. Said OS / 2 is short for Operating System / 2, Operating System is designed to use the full capabilities of the Intel 80286 microprocessor, including the Protected Mode (Protected Mode), able to run simultaneous tasks, and support for virtual memory, while maintaining compatibility with many MS-DOS software in circulation at the time,

- MAC OS (MACINTOSH OPERATING SYSTEM)

MAC OS or Macintosh Operating System is Operating System created by Apple Computer specifically for Macintosh computers and is not compatible with IBM-based computers. MAC OS is the first operating system that uses a graphical user interface (Graphical User Interface / GUI). Macintosh Operating System is divided into 2 types:

1.MAC OS Classic

Do not have any Command Line (Command line), using the User Interface (UI) completely and use Cooperative Multitasking

2.MAC OS X

MAC OS X incorporate elements of BSD Unix, One Step, and MAC OS X has a Unix-style memory and pre-emptive multitasking.

Excess MAC OS:

1.Stabil, because using UNIX.

2.Multitasking.

3.Tampilan (UI) is very good.

4.Aman from Malware.

MAC OS X is a line of computer operating system developed, marketed by Apple Inc, Mac OS X is the successor of the MAC OS (Classic). MAC OS X is built on top of xnu kernel, with standard Unix facilities available from the command line interface.

- Chrome OS

Chrome OS is Google's operating system that is lightweight and Linux-based and web standards for personal computer PC. Google Chrome works with Windowing method or switching (multi-tasking). Google Chrome OS using a standard web HTML 5, which is the development of software in a browser-based operating system. If seen look, Chrome OS is a combination of Linux and Windows Vista. Chrome OS was released in mid-2010.

There are so many different kind of computer operating system that continues to evolve, No Operating System perfect for each operating system has its own characteristics and resources. Although there is a paid OS, why do not we try a Free Operating System or free? Free does not mean bad, good or bad depends on an Operating System End-user should own. So we must be careful in choosing the Operating System in use.